The concept of surface roughness of cutting machine

In the manufacturing process of mechanical parts, factors such as tool or grinding wheel residue, plastic deformation during chip separation, and machine vibration always leave small bumps and valleys on the surface of the obtained parts. These bumps and valleys can be seen with the naked eye on the rough machined surface, and can still be observed on the fine machined surface with a magnifying glass or microscope. The height and spacing of the small peaks and valleys on the surface of this part are called surface roughness, also known as micro roughness.